Under Vermont law, the patient privilege statute, 12 V.S.A. §1612, provides greater protection than the HIPAA privacy rule and requires that doctors, chiropractors, dentists, nurses and mental health professionals must not disclose any information acquired in attending a patient unless the patient waives the confidentiality or it is waived by an express provision of law. Hospital patients and nursing home residents are further protected by the confidentiality provisions contained in the Patient Bill of Rights, 18 V.S.A. §1852(7) and the Nursing Home Bill of Rights, 33 V.S.A. §7301(8) which emphasizes that the patient/resident must authorize the release or use of their records outside of the treatment team or the facility. Where pharmacy, mental health treatment, or substance abuse treatment records are at issue, there are additional federal and state laws to consider as will be discussed below.