ups......
First, the base ...
The shock is a life-threatening disorder of the circulation. It is based on a mismatch between the circulating blood volume at the circulatory and the actually required circulating blood volume. The cardiac output is reduced. Due to this reduced performance of the circulation, the oxygen supply to organs and tissues affected
Three causes can lead to shock:
- Reduction in blood volume
- Reduction of cardiac output
- Dysregulation of blood vessels peripheral
(For example, the neuro-shock or vasovagal syncope)
Altogether we distinguish six types of shock.
- Hypovolemic shock
- Cardiogenic shock
- Neurogenic shock
- Vasovagal syncope as a special form of the Neurogenic shock
- anaphylactic shock
- Septic - toxic shock
Hypovolemic shock
The hypovolemic shock develops in a blood or plasma loss from about 20% (for an adult, this corresponds to approximately 1 liter), based on the total amount of blood of the Patient. Due to the onset of loss of blood regulation mechanisms of the organism results the corresponding one sign.
As the body tries to compensate for blood loss, the pulse rate rises to around the 100 / minute. Systolic blood pressure at the same time falls below 100 mm Hg.
The peripheral blood vessels constrict so far, so that only the life Important organs such as brain, lung and heart are sufficient blood supply. This process is called centralization. For longer-lasting centralization leads to metabolic changes in cells with accumulation of acidic metabolites in the blood (acidosis). Furthermore, leading to disturbances of capillary flow with clumping of blood cells. The lack of oxygen, the metabolic changes and the disruption of capillary blood flow leading to reduced performance and has completely failure of the liver, kidney, lung and brain and finally to circulatory collapse.
Through the centralization results in further signs of shock...
The pulse becomes more rapid, and because of the falling blood pressure progressively get weaker. Due to the lack skin blood circulation, the patient will be very pale. The skin is cold, sweaty and the patient is shaking and freezes. Initially, the patient is usually restless, nervous and afraid. Later, he becomes increasingly impassive until enters the unconsciousness.
cardiogenic shock
Severe disorders of cardiac activity as a result of a heart attack or heart disease, get to a lead reduction in cardiac output and thus to a cardiogenic shock.
At a heart attack the patient often has pain, radiating into the left arm, upper abdomen, back or jaw. Because of respiratory distress the patient attempts to raise the upper body. Heart rate changes such as bradycardia, tachycardia and an irregular heartbeat are possible. At the same time decreases the blood pressure. An apparent stasis of the neck veins develop as a result of underperformance of the right heart, thereby forming as result a stasis of backflow blood into the leading veins to the heart ....
My English is cruel...
The general risks similar to those of hypovolemic shock. In the case of acute heart disease is always to expected to that the Patient get a cardiac arrest. The patient must never be stored flat or in the shock position.
The sick, weak performance heart would not be able to cope with increased backflow of blood.
The weakening of the left heart causes a backflow of blood into the pulmonary circulation. The result is the cardiac pulmonary edema.
Neurogenic shock
The Neurological shock occurs as a result of traumatic brain and spinal injuries.
Here, a disorder of the central vascular regulation leads to a reduction in peripheral vascular resistance (the vessels are wide ) and hence the relative lack of volume.
vasovagal syncope
The Vasovagal syncope is a special form of neurological shock.
As a result of psychological factors, fear, joy, and pain occurs after a transient excitation of the sympathetic nervous system, an excessive vagal stimulation.
Consequence is a vasodilatation, bradycardia and cardiac force reduction. By the fall of the blood level decreases the blood backflow to the heart. The cardiac output decreases and the brain is not receiving enough oxygen.
Paleness and a short loss of consciousness are the result.
anaphylactic shock
The Anaphylactic shock is the result of a hypersensitivity reaction of the body, for example, medicines, insect venom, foods, pollen, infusions, etc.
This result is a histamine-mediated dilation of the capillaries. By changes in capillary plasma occurs from the vascular system. This creates a lack of volume. In addition,occurs a bronchial spasm on. To the general shock Symptoms, occur skin changes such as itching, skin redness, blisters, hives, and eyelid edema.
Septic - toxic shock
The Septic Toxic shock is caused by the endotoxins of bacteria in the vascular system. Through the formation of very small blood clots in the capillary leads to among other circulatory disorders. Often, long time no drop in blood pressure can be seen. The skin is warm and rosy. The patient has a fever.
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What were your activities in which kind shock?
