In 2003, a study was conducted among EMTs when they submitted their biennial re-registration paperwork to the National Registry of EMTs (NREMT). As part of the study, the EMTs were asked to fill out a survey related to health and safety risks encountered by EMS professionals. Survey participants were asked to describe their seatbelt use in the front seat of an ambulance. A respondent's compliance was classified as “high” in seatbelt use if they had always worn their seatbelt for more than a year or classified as “low” if they hadn't worn their seatbelt at least once within the past year.
A total of 29,575 EMTs returned the survey. Researchers found that seatbelt usage among EMTs appears to correspond with the type of EMS organization to which they belong. EMTs in the military were the most compliant, with about 80% usage, whereas only about 41% of EMTs working for private organizations used their seatbelts. Low seatbelt usage was also recorded among those working in rural areas.
Another study conducted by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) and the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) looked at crash data from 1991–2002. The 300 fatal ambulance crashes during that period involved 816 ambulance occupants, 82 of whom died. (Other deaths occurred in vehicles that collided with the ambulance.) Of the 82 deaths, 27 were EMS professionals. Of the 27 EMS deaths, seven (26%) were drivers who weren't wearing seatbelts, two (7%) were unbelted occupants on the passenger side and six (22%) were unrestrained providers in the patient compartment.