Pupils?

ADyingBreed

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When it comes to pupils, what are some differentials for each finding?

Constricted- narcotics
Dilated- Stimulants, Fright

What about Unequal pupils?- is this stroke and TBI?

And what about unresponsive pupils?

Thanks.
 
unequal pupils can be a result/indication of various things- even migraines cause it sometimes. keeping it simple in the emergency setting though as a basic- if they aren't perl just stick to your protocol and note other s/s
 
Migraines can cause unequal pupils? Very interesting.

I am going to learn more about what pupils tell us, it is something I always took for granted aside from the normal narcotics and tbi stuff. Thanks for the prompt!
 
yea the neurological aspects of medicine are pretty amazing, i sat in a lecture with a former head professor of anatomy and physiology at a university in cape town- i felt so stupid when he finished his lecture...like id just been spoken to by one of the most intelligent men ive met talking about advanced physiology as if he was ordering a cup of coffee!

the point for the OP was that as emergency responders we just use signs and symptoms backed up with knowledge to treat our patients- diagnosis, while very helpful, often is not as important as treating the symptom...the end goal after all is to maintain homeostasis via treatment, rather than getting a clinical diagnosis
 
unequal pupils can be a result/indication of various things- even migraines cause it sometimes. keeping it simple in the emergency setting though as a basic- if they aren't perl just stick to your protocol and note other s/s


thanks, but that doesn't tell me much. I don't want to keep it simple. I'm on an ALS truck and assist my medic. I just want to know the possible differentials for uneven pupils/unresponsive pupils. thanks for the reply though!
 
Remember that pupil response is just one, very small part, of the clinical picture. From a good history taking you should already have a pretty good idea what you're dealing with, physical findings, such as pupils will confirm that. Remember, 5-10% of the population have abnormal pupils whether from a congenital abnormality or a chronic disease process ... so without the context of a DLOC/Neuro complaint, abnormal pupil findings can get put into the "neato but not relevant" category. Its not quite so simple as, pupils = X, patient has y.

I can't remember where I read it, but there is an article that made a correlation between pupil reactivity in cardiac arrest pt's and their outcomes. Basically, the article stated that the chance of successfully resuscitating a pt with non-reactive pupils was pretty much nil. Anecdotally, the two cases in my short career thus far where I have had survival to hospital discharge, both had reactive pupils at the scene and all the pts that I've left on scene for the coroner didn't.
 
Also, up to 20% of the population can have unequal pupils without any sort of problems.
 
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