discussion
It's a bright, sunny day; children are running round enjoying recess and all is quiet at the ambulance station allowing for much newspaper reading, sleep catching up on and telly watching.
You are sent to a local primary (elementary) school for an odd job. The teacher reports that one of her students, a seven year old girl, came back into class after recess. The child stated she felt unwell and about 10 minutes later became unconscious and began to sieze.
Although the siezure subsides with intranasal midazolam the girl is deeply unconscious and has vomited profusely. There are no signs of trauma.
No history of illness lately the child has been well and nobody in the school or family can think of anything. You are 90 minutes by road from a paediatric intensive care facility and the local hospital is having thier Christmas party so they are closed.
The teacher states she saw the child come out of the bathroom during recess.
If I could perhaps go over this case since there was an answer without an explanation or discussion?
I always try to make a big deal out of treating patients and not numbers.
Starting with:,
"a seven year old girl, came back into class after recess."
If recess there is anything like what I had, the supervisors wouldn't know a kid got hit by a car even if it flew through the air in front of her. So really the kids are unsupervised just limited in movement.
The child stated she felt unwell and about 10 minutes later became unconscious and began to sieze."
Apparently whatever happened at recess, caused an acute dysfunction of CNS.
"No history of illness lately the child has been well and nobody in the school or family can think of anything."
This is the clue to an acute event.
"The teacher states she saw the child come out of the bathroom during recess"
But not constantly going in an out of the bathroom or going to the bathroom/drinking fountain all day. Nor complaining of thirst and/or hunger.
This is why ddetailed historical information and pertinent negatives should always be listed.
Whatever caused an acute neuro dysfunction had to be found in or taken into the bathroom. I see a lot of people with the current prominence of bacterial phobia carrying around alcoholic hand sanitizers. Though not in amounts to get intoxicated from.
Teenagers are also a rather genious bunch when it comes to getting high. Glue, white out, and nyquil. But now popular alcohol based hand sanitizers. There is a learned behavior kids watching other kids are at risk for.
The disease also has to have initial or preferential symptoms manifesting in the brain/cns.
Vominting reflex is stimulated in both the stomach and brain, however there is usually immediate releif of symptoms when vomiting originating from the GI.
Seizure confirms neurotoxicity.
So the game becomes figuring out what the likely toxin is.
Don't know about in the rest of the civilized world, but in the US, schools and churches are not held to commercial building code. (it would cost too much to retrofit, but strangley enough causes the largest loss of life from not having building codes)
My primary suspicion was lead because of the acute onset of seizure. However, without more findings no form of toxin could be settled on without doubt.
There are also a few congenital enzymatic malformations that can make otherwise nontoxic substances toxic for those with the mutation. Some of which might go undiagnosed at birth.
Later on it was described that the hand cleaner was empty. Whether or not it tastes good or the kid was craving paint chips or whatever, is really irrelavent. Who knows why patients do the things they do? Maybe she had something to really hide in a game of truth or dare?
AV malformation manifests as bleeding, and this now nor later was presented with signs of acute stroke.
numbers:
BP 90/40
RR 8
PR 40
SPO2 93%
BGL 2.5mmol/l (~50mg/dl)
ECG sinus bradycardia
Aside from the poster, many healthcare providers get caught up in dx by the numbers. But let us analyze it.
Would you expect somebody who was in DKA be breathing more or less to try and compensate for metabolic acidosis?
While the heart rate is slow, the blood pressure is within expected limits, further leading to a neuro pathology.
If you look at this without the blood sugar, you see somebody who has systemic depression. It is hard to come to a conclusion of other but toxin adding this to the already discussed findings. (I think so anyway.)
When you then add in the blood sugar, something must be causing it. Since the kid is listed as previously healthy and not on insulin, a decrease in blood sugar must be from something inhibiting metabolism. Like a toxin.
If the kid was an acute attack of undx diabetis, it would most likely be type I, and the finding would be DKA. The only things other than toxin or likely known from birth genetic condition that would account for the low blood sugar is a neoplasm or acute liver failure. (like from a female with an lower ability to metabolize alcohol)
It is never lupus because while it has some outrageous findings it is relatively easy to dx.
TSS would be massive hypotension,
S. Aureus also needs fe, found in blood, to rapidly reproduce and secrete enough toxin to cause acute onset within hours. So even if the kid did put something from a learned behavior in the anus of vagina, without some respectable amont of blood for some time, I don't think an acute onset would be seen without a steady decline in the child's behavior.