Hers a couple of "official" definitions which I think cover it pretty well (see bottom). The trick is choosing when to intervene and this varies depending on the cause which may be emotional/stress/anxiety related or substance related. The aforementioned may well get TLC/patience/calming and supportive efforts from you first and foremost (or perhaps the subtle interventions of the constabulary when the issues are anger related).
When substances are involved the best (safety related) option may well be an IM or, with much a much higher risk potential, an IV injection of whatever your local protocols allow.
Two pretty different kettles of fish I am sure the boys would all agree. When you are giving meds without patient consent (more likely than not especially in the substance affected pt) there are also legal considerations to keep in mind.
In all the patients the obvious thing to recognise is of course, they are conscious and 99% of the time non-compliant.
Keep your cool and backoff if you need to and use other more burly types to assist if warranted for the sake of the patient (and you).
MM
PS We should be so lucky to have such a wide and colourful selection of meds to choose from!!!! Its IM midaz for us only!!! (You can sneak in some IV as well if you can secure a port without sticking yourself in the process!!).
agitation /ag·i·ta·tion/ (aj″ĭ-ta´shun) excessive, purposeless cognitive and motor activity or restlessness, usually associated with a state of tension or anxiety. Called also psychomotor a.
Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Health Consumers. © 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved.
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agitation,
a state of chronic restlessness and increased psychomotor activity generally observed as an expression of emotional tension and characterized by purposeless, restless activity. Pacing, talking, crying, and laughing sometimes are characteristic and may serve to release nervous tension associated with anxiety, fear, or other mental stress. agitate, v.
Mosby's Medical Dictionary, 8th edition. © 2009, Elsevier.