Workplace Violence Issues

jmaccauley

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My friend Kip (DT4EMS) often gets called as a consultant for such acts of violence. unfortunately, most organizations don't hear want to hear the truth and the severity and frequency of the problem remain unchanged. I wrote this article a few years back and sadly, it is relevent still.

Workplace Violence
by Jerry MacCauley, PPS, CST

If the recent studies are correct, going to work can be hazardous to our health. Historically, I suppose, it has always been so, but the miracle of modern media brings every heinous, outrageous and brutal episode into our homes for our analysis and comment.
Workplace Violence has become one of those phrases recently that are destined to have desensitizing effect on the general population. Kind of like every act of violence being attributed to terrorism, the concept of genuine terror has been watered down to acceptable levels in society. Talking heads on the evening news have taken to referring to gang violence as “street terrorism.” Obviously, protecting a drug turf or enacting revenge for a perceived “dis” (as in disrespect), is indeed violence, but certainly not terrorism.
Violence on the job can range from a hostile, unpleasant work environment to homicide. Current Department of Justice statistics reflect some sobering numbers.
• About 2 million Americans are victims of assault
• More than 1000 are killed
• About 40,000 are victims of aggravated assault
• 51,000 are raped and/or sexually assaulted
Much of the violence on the job is the result of conventional criminal acts, such as robbery. However, distraught employees or acquaintances of employees are committing acts of violence at an alarming rate. Having spent the last twenty five years as a police officer, I can attest to the frustrations that the workplace can inflict on an employee. The comments that my non- police friends make about my coping ability reminds me that there are times when it takes a real effort to keep from “going postal.”
As Protection Specialists, we are often asked to assess risks, both within the workplace and outside. It would be desirable to understand how a workplace threat assessment can be conducted. Depending on the nature of the business, the steps to conducting such an assessment may be modified, but basically, it is good to begin with a general crime prevention survey. Businesses that deal with the general public must provide obvious protection for its employees and customers, such as guards, cameras, panic alarms, glass partitions, first aid supplies, training and so on. These are areas which can be evaluated and documented by a simple checklist or walkthrough. Assessments are more complex and sensitive when dealing with an office or commercial setting.
First and foremost, there must be a policy in effect that is understood and followed by all employees, especially management. A firm set of rules outlining acceptable forms of behavior needs to be strictly enforced by managers. A system of reporting, documentation, discipline, Employee Assistance Programs (EAP) and, support also needs to be utilized. Employees need to be encouraged to report incidents and know that their concerns will be addressed and kept confidential. Often, these concerns can develop into warning signs that will need to be monitored.
The next area to be addressed is the actual threat assessment. All available intelligence on a particular situation needs to be analyzed and evaluated. This will assist the security designee the information needed to develop a violence prevention plan, the purpose being to reduce the likelihood of violence. As they say, forewarned is forearmed. Plans need to be flexible enough to evolve as the threat levels change.
As much as possible, prevention is the preferred outcome of any program. Another area where you’re expertise may prove useful, is providing assault awareness and prevention training to employees. Teaching others how to survive violence is as much an exercise in confidence building, as it is a public service. As I previously stated, over exposure to media accounts of violence can desensitize us to violence. Such hands-on training can bring a sense reality and relevance to understanding workplace violence.
Some suggestions for employees for dealing with threats and violence are as follows.
• Keep the situation under control by remaining calm
• Listen attentively to what is being said (or shouted).
• Maintain eye contact, especially with angry customers
• Speak in a soft voice
• Be courteous and patient
• If situation persists, notify a coworker or supervisor that you need assistance
• If a weapon is involved, do not attempt to be a hero!
• Preplan an escape route and strategy.
Remember, all threats of violence need to be documented and reported to the proper authorities. Law enforcement can be helpful when there are threats, implied or actually stated. As the saying goes, “an ounce of prevention…..”
 
Very good points and well written article. This is interesting, on another EMS forum an EMT was discussing "what should one do, if they do get assaulted". I of course referred them to Kip for future prevention, but the discussion became very agitated when I discussed prosecuting those that violate us.

I am not discussing those of not sound mind, or in involved in a medical conditions such as hypoglycemia, traumatic brain injuries, but rather those that are intoxicated, hostile and basically being arses.

I was a ER Manager for years and it had became accepted routinely, that it "was part of the job".. When I became manager, I thought and approached it differently. Why do we in the health care industry assume such ? Would the cashier at Wal-Mart or even the LEO tolerate such abuse...NO! Then why should we ? Why should health care providers be enablers and allow ourselves to be engaged in verbal and physical assaults.

Yes, part of the problem is management wants to avoid press and bad images even if it compromises their staff. This is where I challenged and had disagreed with management ideas. I believe we should be as loyal and protective to our personal (EMS or any healthcare). After one of my nurses was slammed into a wall and received sternal separation, just because she refused to flirt with a intoxicated patient, I encouraged filing and pressing assault charges. The Managerial team was outraged.. that this would give us a "bad image"... What is more surprising, many on the other forums suggested the same feelings. Citing that they may not seek medical treatment. I am not discussing every case, and every inappropriate action, but those that result in physical assault.

My response is this, if one cannot behave themselves for at least a period of time, then sorry... that is their problem and decision.
After a couple of prosecutions and even physicians filing charges, the word was out and behavior modification occurred rapidly. Funny, our census never decreased...

Prevention of course is the key.. and but unfortunately things do happen and the aftermath and how one deals with it might be a form of prevention.

R/r 911
 
After one of my nurses was slammed into a wall and received sternal separation, just because she refused to flirt with a intoxicated patient, I encouraged filing and pressing assault charges. The Managerial team was outraged.. that this would give us a "bad image"... R/r 911

What kind of 'bad image' is this supposed to create? The image that we actually expect people to treat the ER staff with respect? I think making people accountable for their bad behavior is always a good idea. Anything we do that provides the irresponsible with an excuse to continue to behave badly will make the problem worse.
 
Of course, the emphasis of my article was to encourage documentation of incidents, as well as learning ways to diffuse hostile situations. From an investigative standpoint (I am a police officer by the way) I almost always discover that a violent event not only could have been predicted, but there were obvious signs leading up to the incident that were ignored. Some of the blame lies with the victim who was in denial, but often it is the organization that downplays or denies the problem actually exists. The actual occurrance of sudden, unexpected violence is rare. Obviously,when dealing those patients who are drugged, delusional or drunk, the odds of a confrontation are increased and extra vigilance is required. However, a paper trail is still the best way to show "deliberate indifference" on the part of the employer. You should not assume that violence is an expected part of your duties without receiveing proper and effective training on how to deal with such violence.
 
Very good point! Again, most of the paperwork is always in the form of incident or variant reports, that is well hidden from potential litigation. You make very important points that awareness is essential as well as proper documentation.

My point is that so many administration describes or assume that it is "part of the job".

Again, great article!

R/r 911
 
This is why we have a whole section on proper documentation during a DT4EMS course.

We even have a form that is simple to follow for agencies that adopt us. It answers the questions needed to complete a report for both LEO and admin.

Under reporting is a huge issue.

BTW,

Jerry is a High Liability instructor for a police department in South Florida. He is very well versed in Defensive Tactics and teachign personal protection skills as well.

I am humbled to be able to call him a friend. :)
 
I recall a conversation with some administrators concerning an upcoming lawsuit against my agency for an excessive force incident. Actually, it was several incidents. It all comes down to training, or lack thereof. The question was raised about the level, quality and frequency of training. When the lawyers were advised that certain administrators did not value training, they went ballistic. Status Quo meant not advertising the fact that training was either not followed or given a low priority within the organization. The city attorneys, not too politely I might add, pointed out the 1 million dollars plus that such an attitude is about to cost. There is a HUGE liability when you know that a problem exists (even if you don't want to broadcast it) and you deliberately do nothing to address it. Hopefully, some people can take that lesson back to their administrations. It's the "pay me now or pay me later" analogy.
 
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